Thursday, December 15, 2011

Final Questions!

1) What was Columbus looking for?
Trade route to the Indies.

2) Why was a passage to India important for European countries to find?
Because it would be a huge boost in the economy and create a respectable amount of wealth.

3) How did the crusades change European and how did it lead to the exploration of the "New World"?
It gave the Europeans a taste of spices from fighting the Muslims. No bland food. Brought on the renaissance. Europe comes in contact with a culture that is more advanced than its self.

4) How did tobacco change the course of America (particularly the Virginia colony)?
 Save the Colony. Used as Currency. 

5) Discuss the rise of self-government in America (make
sure you note the House of Burgesses, the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut).
They need to set up self-government because they really don't want to be controlled by the King royalty. Sending messages over the sea thousands of miles was a really inefficient way to rule people. There was too much of a delay, so laws and order needed to be in place for people to stick together in a structured manner so that they can work together and make their colony prosperous.

6) How did religion play an essential role in the shaping of the early colonies?
 Some colonies, particularly Pennsylvania were founded on the idea of freedom of religion and tolerance of all faiths. These places were sought after as a refuge by many people, especially those who were prosecuted in England. 

7) Discuss why early colonists came to America (the various reasons - begin to relate these to the American Dream and the American Character).



8) What was the Great Migration?


9) What was the renaissance and how does it fit with the exploration of the Americas?


10) Where the 1st Europeans to the Americas "Explorers" or "Invaders"? Please justify your answer.
Invaders. The indians were there first. and they brought all their diseases and killed them on their own land. 

11) How did the English distance the relationship between indentured whites and black slaves? Why did they fear a relationship between the two?

13) Know the following people: John Rolfe, John Smith, John Winthrop, Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, William Bradford, John Wheelright, Squanto, Samoset. 

14) What is the difference between the Separatists and Puritians?
Puritans- Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican church
Separatists- Protestants who want to leave and set up their own churches. 

15) Why were women brought to Virginia in 1619?

They were brought to be sold as wives for the settlers. Their price was 120 pounds of tobacco

16) When did the 1st Africans come to the English colonies? Where? What was the purpose of importing them (be specific)?    

17) According to Zinn why were Africans easier to force into labor than Native Americans or poor white immigrants?
Because this was not their territory. If they were to get the native americans they know their way around the land. 

18) What were the first 13 colonies?


1607 Virginia (Jamestown
1620/1630 Massachusetts (Plymouth was founded in 1620. Massacusetts as a whole was founded in 1630)
1626 New York
1633 Maryland
1636 Rhode Island
1636 Conneticut
1638 Delaware
1638 New Hampshire
1653 North Carolina
1663 South Carolina
1664 New Jersey
1682 Pennsylvania
1732 Georgia

19) How did religious freedom, slavery, and self-government shape the first 13 colonies (be exact - this should be an paragraph for each).
20) How did the Massacre at Mystic change America?

22) What was Nat Bacon's rebellion really about?


PART II: FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

* What are the reasons the war starts and spreads to become a world war?

The Half-King kills a French diplomat 
*What are the reasons the French lost?
*How does the British turn the tide of the War?
* What are the results of the war?

British Won, but were in debt so they startd taxing the colonies
French lost, got kicked out of north america and most of canada, had two islands in the carribean. 
Indians kept most of their land....
Treat of Paris, stated seperation from britian. * How did the war begin?
*What was George Washington's role in the war and how did it prepare him for the Revolution?
* Why were the following people important:
Edward Braddock, Half-King, Marquis de Montcalm, James Wolfe, General Forbes, William Pitt.
* Discuss the Native Indians role and importance in the war. What battles did they fight in? How did they change the power structure? What agenda did they have?
* The French and Indian war begin over what area of land?
* Why did the Native Americans take captives? Was this an effective practice?


PART III: The Revolution

1) According to Paul Johnson what was the most deciding factor in the colonists victory over the British.

They had better leaders
3) What important things did Patrick Henry do?


He was big into states rights and advocated for the Bill Of Rights to be put into the Constitution 

5) What was Thomas Jefferson’s most important quality (according to Johnson).


His ability to write

6) What did Common Sense do? Who wrote it.

Thomas Paine wrote it to persuade the American people
7) What was the 1st constitution? What powers did it give the government?
The first constitution was the Articles of Confederation. Gave the government power to raise armies, control the war and not raise taxes.  

8) What was the paradox of the war (at least from Britain's point of view)?
The British had no fundamental national interest in fighting the war. If they won it merely brought more political problems. If they lost, it hurt little but their pride.

9) What was Washington's main strength as a commander? Why did he win the war?
He was the ideal commander for the war. He realized his supreme task was to train an army, keep it in the field, supply it, and pay it. He did nothing common, mean, cruel, or vengeful. He was a gentleman. He wrote letters to congress and state governments to make sure there was enough.

10) What were the four points of the Peace of Paris - as laid out by John Adams?
1. outright Independence of the United States, and withdrawal of all British forces
2. Canada to remain British and a definitive boundary to be draw
3. agreement on the boundaries of all Thirteen states
4. freedom for fishing odd the Newfoundland- the first international fisheries agreement.  

11) Why did slavery increase during the revolution? 
They did not mention freedom in the Declaration. 

12) Who were the big losers of the war (name three)? List what they lost and explain why they are the biggest losers.
French- War cost  a lot. They lost credit with the bankers. Fought with the Americans, and got nothing out of it. 
Naive Americans- Britain abandoned them. 
Spain- Its crown was weaker.
Loyalists- Patriots didn't like you. 

13) What happened to the Loyalists in America after the war.
Some went to Britain, but some stayed. 
Went to Canada. 
Went to West Indies.

14) What were the most important battles of the war. Why do you think they are the most important? (Note battles is plural).
15) List at least five reasons why the Americans won.
British had to send over a lot of troops. The americans fought on their own land. 
George Washington was a great leader.

16) List the importance of the following people in the cause of the Revolution.
A) Thomas Paine
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) John Adams
D) Samuel Adams
E) John Hancock
F) George Washington
G) James Otis
H) Benjamin Franklin
I) Benedict Arnold (think beyond his treason)
J) Patrick Henry
K) Alexander Hamilton
18) Why did the British strategy for the war make little sense?
19) How did the British fail to win the war in 1776? Who was the General in charge?

General Howe let Washington and the Continental Army escape
20) "America was already developing the notion that all were entitled to the best if they worked hard enough, that aiming high was not only morally acceptable but admirable." Discuss the importance of this statement.

This was the start of ending slavery.
21) Who were the two most important people involved with the push towards a new constitution?

James Madison & Alexander Hamilton
22) Give examples of how the Articles of Confederation failed.
Couldn't raise an army couldn't collect taxes. 
Power was in the state governments. 

23) In your option why would some people prefer State rights over a strong Central government. What are the arguments for both sides?All states are different. All have different cultures. 


25) What were the three compromises on the Constitution? Which one of these seems the strangest to you?
26) What is the irony about the President vs. a King as example by Johnson?
27) Know the importance of Valley Forge. What happened there? What the troops had to overcome? Compare this with the British winter quarters.
28) What help did France, Spain, and the Netherlands offer the colonies?

32) What is the importance of the following people: A) George Rogers Clark. B) John Paul Jones. C) Nathanael Greene. D) Comte de Rochambeau. E) Admiral Francois de Grasse.
33) What is important about Washington's farewell address?
35) Why did the British think their military forces were superior to those of the Americans?


They were better trained, and had better discipline. 

36) Why was fighting on their own land an advantage for the Americans?

PART IV: The Constitution, Jefferson, War of 1812, Jackson

1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants." 
Rebellion is needed sometimes, if their were laws that you wanted to be changed. 

2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
Because Massachusetts passed a state constitution in 1780 that barred poor and middle class, and veterans from voting holding office. They had wondered what they had been fighting for.  
3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. 
Discuss these compromises.
1. Slavery- It couldn't be shown in a negative way. And the it was allowed in the Southern Colonies. 
2. Representation- Strong central government or state rights?
3. There would be two main parts of congress. The house of representatives and Senate. The house of representatives would be based on population and the each state would have two senate positions. 

4) What was the Virginia Plan? 
It was a plan providing for a legislature of two houses, and executive and judicial branches, to be chosen by the legislature


5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
Slavery

6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
Legislative-
     judicial- Can impeach judges, and can reject appointment of judges
     executive- can impeach the president and override veto.

Executive-
      Legislative- can veto laws
      Judicial- appoint judges

Judicial-
      Executive- can remove the president
      Legislative- can declare congress unconstitutional.  

7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison. 
They wrote them to convince the public that they needed a strong federal government. 

8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
1. Separation of Church and State, freedom to worship, freedom of speech and the press, the right to assemble and petition for changes. 

3. Soldiers cannot be housed in a private home without consent from owner.
4. The right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure. 
5. Provides for laws concerning prosecution, including the requirement of a grand-jury indictment and the protection from testifying against oneself. 
6. The right to a speedy public trial in district where crime was committed.
7. Guarantees trial by jury.
8.  Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
9. Defines the rule of the construction of the Constitution.
10. Guarantees that any powers not specifically delegated to federal government or denied to the states in the constitution rest with the states or the people. 


9) Who could write in the first election (what parts of the population)?
White, land-owning men. The states could make their own laws saying who could vote. 

10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?
James Madison and Thomas Jefferson would agree to Hamilton’s plan to get America out of debt, if he would allow the new capital of the country to be in a Southern State. 


11) What did Jay's Treaty do?
It had the british withdraw soldiers from the last outposts in America. 

12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
Farmers prtoestes against the heavy taxes on whiskey. President Washington went out with 13,000 men to stop the men rebelling. 

13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?

~Two Republican/anti-federalist, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, tied in votes
~House of Representatives had to decide who won
~Jefferson assured the Representatives that he would uphold many of the Federalist's ideas, laws, and recommendation. 

14) Who was John Marshall?
He was Adams secretary of state, as Chief justice of the supreme court. 

15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to take some power of the New World, but disease got in the way. He thought that money would be better, so he sold the Louisiana territory. 

16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
They were selected by Jefferson to explore the land they had just purchased(Louisiana Purchase). 
They started in the winter of 1803 and worked their way upstream, to what is now North Dakota. In the spring of 1805 they set our west along with a French-Indian trapper and Sacagawea. They then had reached the Pacific Coast. They then started heading home over the rockies, split up then met at in St. Louis in september 1806. 

17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
(Hamilton beat burr in the election, so they meet for a duel. Burr shot Hamilton and he died.)??

18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
The Embargo Act prohibited all exports into America. It was supposed to stop any economic benifit for england. It was unpopular, because the americans couldn't receive, rum, silk, and other goods. 


19) What did Tecumseh try and do? 
Get all the Indians together for an alliance. Individually they could not stand up to the united states. 

20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Victory for united states. 

21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why? 
They are back at where they started. They treaty doesn't do anything. No one gets any advantages out of it. 

22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
The Americans were really out numbered, but they won anyway. Only 8 americans died, and about 2000 british were killed. 

23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
That the united states would not tolerate intervention in the Americas by European nations. Also it promised that the united states would not wouldn't interfere with already established colonies or with governments in Europe. 

24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri would become a slave state, but slavery would not be allowed anywhere else north of Missouri's southern border. 

25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
Adams cheated, so they called him out. He was so embarrassed so he dropped out of the race. 

26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
-Murderer
-Adulterer
-Indian fighter
-War hero

27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President? 
He was not. He just wanted what the Indians had. Which was land. The natives called him Long Knife. He fought in the creek war of 1814,  he took land away from the natives. In 1819, he fought in a war in florida, killing natives, are destroying spanish native forts. His policy instructed America that they would remove Natives from their current lands and place them somewhere else. 

28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
His opinion and political party represented what the middle-class people wanted. 

29) Name the 1st seven Presidents of the United States
George washington

John adams
thomas jefferson
james madison
James monroe
john quincy adams
andrew jackson



War of 1812
1) Importance of Fort McHenry.Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner there 

2) Burning of D.C. by the British.
3) Battle of Plattsburg
4) Battle of New Orleans
5) Native Defeats: Tecumseh and the Creeks (Battle of Thames and Horseshoe Bend).


Chapter 11 Questions
1) Discuss the following during Jackson administration:
a) The changes in voting policies
any white male over 21 could vote

b) The Spoils System
when you won presidency you could fire/hire whomever you want

c) Changes in the electoral collegewhen you won presidency you could fire/hire whomever you want

d) The fight between State Rights and the Central Government (think about the Tariff Debate, the Issue of Nullification, John C. Calhoun and the threat of secession). How do these issues foreshadow the Civil War?

2) Describe the Cherokee removal from their lands. Make sure you include the following:
a) How the Cherokee lived in 1830.
They had their own schools, laws and culture.

b) The previous treaties made to the Cherokee by the U.S. Government.
They got to keep their land and could trade with the states

c) The Cherokee suing the state government and the ruling in the Supreme Court by John Marshall.
He agreed with the Indians. 

d) Andrew Jackson's reaction to John Marshall.
He disagreed. He figured that because he had the army he could do whatever he wanted

e) General Winfield Scott's role.
Fought the Indians and made them move

f) The Trail of Tears.The natives had to travel thousands of miles in poor conditions
3) Discuss Jackson's fight against the Bank of the United States.
a) What were his arguments against the bank?
It put to much power in the wealthy peoples hands. States had little or no control of the bank

b) How does he win against the bank?
He took all the government's money out and put them in smaller banks