Notes for Part 2

Part 2

French Victory
British Surrender

   -Surrender with honor after forts wall have been breached
After Battle
   - French and British- natives response
Having Dinner together. Natives weren't invited.
European Conspiracy.
Natives feel insulted. attack british after french told them they would have a safe passage. Natives Surrounded them. Took everything. Beat them. 75 killed. 500 taken captive, some given back.
British Feel insulted after the treaty signed.
Leaves Canada in crisis. French cant keep indian allies, cant win the war for north america.
Long run- run out of forces and british. 

Events covered in PART II

1755 William Johnson and Iroquois council fire

1755 The Bloody Morning Scout and Battle of Lake George

1758 Capture of Mary Jemison

1755-1758 Virginia Regiment led by George Washington patrols the frontier

1755 New Englanders demand enlistment terms; British command sees shades of rebellion

1756 Montcalm meets Indian allies

1756 Mary Jemison’sadoption into the Seneca nation

1755-1758 Removal of the Acadians from Nova Scotia

1757 French capture Ft. Oswego and Ft. William Henry;

Montcalm frays allegiance with Indian allies

Don't Know Much About History- Say You Want A Revolution- Notes

King Philips War

Summer 1767

Metacom/King Philip

Vicious war/Mahegans Indians

Nat Bacon’s rebellion

1676

Governor Berkeley

-Limits colonist expansion

Bacon raises troops and goes and kills Indians

Berkeley declares bacon an ____

Bacon burns down Berkeley’s mansion

British troops come

Salem Witch Trials

Important: Shows the dangers of church/State connection

The Great Awakening

Jonathan Edwards-

Sinners in the hand of an angry god

Leads to the founding of many Universities

-Princeton, Brown,

Divisions of church/state

French & Indian War

French/English world domination & North America

William Pitt

-Conquests of North America

Able to borrow/reuse money to win the war

Sons of Liberty

Samuel Adams

James Otis

-“No taxation without representation”

-an excuse for war/rebellion

Tea Act

Intolerable Acts

            -Close down Boston harbor

            -Revoked Massachusetts’s charter

            -Soldiers

            -Administration of justice Act

            -Quebec Act

Shot Heard Around the World

            -Lexington and Concord, April 1775

                       

Notes for Part 1

1750- Britain hold east coast

Canada- Mississippi valley- French

Ohio company- empty up for grabs

Both France and Britain want the forks of the Ohio- (Pittsburgh)

Natives own it

Half King is willing to talk to it.

Any friendship with English will not escape the French.

Women elders provide council for important decisions

Indians prefer French

Good trade? Alliance with Britain would be good.

 Natives rely on European good for survival

Wampum- war/peace/friendship- no negotiation would be complete

Half king- playing a game between British and French

British- Except belt- living together as one. Talking for a week. Agrees to the Virginians to have a small trading post at the edge of the forks.

French not going to give up forks without a fight.

Gw helped natives go against French- first taste of war

Makes plans to comnfrount French and take back the forks- half king be britsh alliy

Only Indian alli leaves

Fench come with their Indian alliys

Washington intends to fight face to face in the field.

Battle of necessity- bad one for Washington- open field. Why Half king left

Coundt read French- signed a document that said he assassinated someone.

Half king was assassinated by naticves because he  acts on his own- starts the coming of a war. Political reason- withouth the backing of the iriquiois group.

French go to canansda

British go to____
Edward brafdict- British general- attack fort ducan- forks of ohio. Gets ambushed

Fort ducan- French and idinan allies

British go ___miles in__days

French try to stop them at the river

British don’t know how to fight like the inidians

Frecnch -21 dead

Brirtish -1000 dead or inggereed

General beaddock- to conifident- over come anything in his way, no second plan.

Events covered in Part I:

Date Events Covered

1752-1754 Virginia parleys with Tanaghrisson to build trading post;

Washington’s trek to Ft. Le Boeuf

1754 French expel Virginians who built a small fort at the Forks of the Ohio

1754 Incident at Jumonville Glen

1754 Capitulation of Ft. Necessity

1754 Iroquois neutrality

1754-1755 France and Great Britain prepare for war

1755 Braddock’s Expedition and the Battle of the Monongahela

pg. 126 questions

8. Immigration played a big role in the growth of the population. Also women married early and had large families.

9. Tidewater plantations were a region of flat low-lying plains along the seacoast. It was a self-containes community, with fields stretched out and surrounding buildings. The backcountry was a region of hills and the Appalachian mountains. They grew corn and tobaccos, with the help of family, or one or two slaves.

10. It was a religious revival that swept through the colonies. Ministers called for a "New Birth," or a return to the strong faith of earlier days. This lead to the formation of many new churches.

11. Quakers

12. In New England the soil was thin and rocky, which made large-scale famring very difficult. They practiced subsistence farming, which only provided just enought to support their familes. In the middle colonies the soil was fertile. They produced larger harvest than in New England.  They grew cash crops that could be easily sold in the colonies and overseas.

13. It was a group of Native Americans that remained independent, that traded with the British and the French, by skillfully playing them against each other.

14. To insure that only Britain benefited trade from the colonies.

15. They started thinking about knowledge, science, and philosophy.

16. The Continent was divided between great Britain and spain with the Mississippi River marking the boundary.

17. Because the people who owned shares in land companies, that had already bought land west of the mountains, their claims had been ignored by Britain.

Pg. 106 Study Questions

1. Subsistence farming only produced just enough to meet the needs of their family, so the triangular trade traded cash crops because it made large quantitates. 


2. Famers grew large quantites of wheat and cashe crops. They also had industrial crafts such as carpentry and making.


3. There land wasn't good for farming. So they traded, built ships, and fished. 


4. Similar- Both Farmed. New England- Not too much farming. Wasn't main income. More fishing. Southern Colonies- Bigger Farms. Main Income. 


5. That slavery played an importnat role in the economic success of the southern colonies. 


6. British Colonies to Great Britain: Rice, Tobacco, Indigo, Furs; West Indies to British Colonies: Molasses, Rum, Sugar

Massacre At Mystic Questions.

Notes.

May 26th, 1637- colonist and indians  
20,000 people left england- came to new england- spiritual element

First encounter- postitve. Trade. 

shocking- lack of dress, women were treated equal. 

Distrutful. Diease from europeans. Natives has no immunity. 13000-4000

Rivals less effected.(naragnsits)

Tensions emerge as everyone tries to gain control over trade

Religious. Purify the religion. Christianity. 

Woods scary for Europeans. -build permentant structure- 

Needed natives off the land. thought they found it. natives had rights to but they could be removed. 

conviced themselves that the pequat were trouble makers- english were strong. 

pequats couldnt cnrol the region. 

1636- native attacks were spreading.
English man murdered- mistakenly blamed pequots. killed a few indians. 
English unleased an attack. tension were about to erupt. 
English sailed boats to make it look like they were leaving. they landed in Narragansett land. they made an alliance. 
Before dawn- english and native allies commeneded them selves to god then went in. Get in without being detected.
natives covered the entrances with brush. started killing everyone. women, children, men. Got a torch. burned down everything, didn't plan on that, wanted to keep the fort. but couldn't kill all natives. if they got out of the fire they would be killed by english, if they got past the english, the Narragansett were behind them. took one hour. Other pequot tried to come help, but it was to late. A week later they tried to get rid of all remaining pequots. 






Comprehension Questions:
1. How would you describe relationships between the Puritan settlers and the Pequot 
before the Pequot War? Why do you think these relationships changed so quickly? 
The first trade was peaceful, and they had no problems. But once they started to get to know each other, and they how they worked, and lived. 


2. Before the arrival of the British, what was the status of the Pequot in the 
Connecticut River Valley? How would you describe their relationships with other 
Native American tribes? 
The pequot were enemies with the Narragansett and the Mohican. You would think all natives would stick together but they ened up going with the puritans to help kill the pequot. 




3. Why did the Puritans travel to the New World? What were their intentions upon 
arrival?  
They wanted to spread their religion of their church. 



4. Compare and contrast Puritan and Pequot ideas about the following: land and 
property, division of labor and gender, and warfare? Give examples to back up 
your discussion. 
The puritans thought the pequot were babying their men because the women were treated equal. The puritans didn't think the natives could own the land because they hadn't grown crops or built houses on it, so the puritans thought that they could own it. 



5. In this program, one commentator suggests that the Dutch colonists favored trade, 
while the British prioritized land. How did the difference in focus shape their 
interactions with Native Americans, and their goals in the New World? 
Because the Natives liked the dutch better and were able to trade with each other. 


6. Why were British settlers unhappy with the way Pequot organized their economy 
and relationship to the land? Do you think there was any validity to their concerns? 
Who do you think, if anyone, ultimately had the right to decide who should 
control the land? 
The british thought they could control the land because the natives didn't build any crops on it. I think the natives had the right to control the land because the were their first. 



7. Why do you think the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes fought with the Puritans 
against the Pequot? Were you surprised by their actions? Discuss. 
Because they have been rivals since the beggining. And yes it was surprising, because i thought the natives would want the land as much as the other natives. 



8. One commentator, Tall Oak, ponders how the early colonies would have been 
different if the Puritans had come in peace. How would you answer this question? 
Do you think a different outcome in relations between the Pequot and the Puritans 
was possible?




9. How did the Pequot manage to resurrect their community hundreds of years after 
the massacre? How do you think it would feel to go from devastation to prosperity? 
Because some ancestors were still alive so they got together to keep their land theirs. Because the tribes started to build casino. 


10. Describe the details of the 1638 Treaty of Hartford, which ended the war. Why 
was the treaty considered to be cultural genocide for the Pequot? 
Becuase all natives that survived would be sold into slavery, and the women anh children would become slaves to the other native tribes. 


11. What sources do you think historians used in order to recount the story of the 
massacre at Mystic? What sources might you use if you were trying to create a 
documentary about the early colonies? Do you think this documentary offers a 
balanced and informed view of the massacre? Discuss. 
They probably used journals from the natives and english men. 



12. How did the massacre at Mystic changed the United States?

Test Notes

1) What was Columbus looking for?

Trade route to the Indies.

2) Why was a passage to India important for European countries to find?

Because it would be a huge boost in the economy and create a respectable amount of wealth.

3) How did the crusades change European and how did it lead to the exploration of the "New World"?

It gave the Europeans a taste of spices from fighting the Muslims. No bland food. Brought on the renaissance. Europe comes in contact with a culture that is more advanced than its self.

4) How did tobacco change the course of America (particularly the Virginia colony)?

 Save the Colony. Used as Currency. 

5) Discuss the rise of self-government in America (make

sure you note the House of Burgesses, the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut).

They need to set up self-government because they really don't want to be controlled by the King royalty. Sending messages over the sea thousands of miles was a really inefficient way to rule people. There was too much of a delay, so laws and order needed to be in place for people to stick together in a structured manner so that they can work together and make their colony prosperous.

6) How did religion play an essential role in the shaping of the early colonies?

 Some colonies, particularly Pennsylvania were founded on the idea of freedom of religion and tolerance of all faiths. These places were sought after as a refuge by many people, especially those who were prosecuted in England. 

7) Discuss why early colonists came to America (the various reasons - begin to relate these to the American Dream and the American Character).

8) What was the Great Migration?

9) What was the renaissance and how does it fit with the exploration of the Americas?

10) Where the 1st Europeans to the Americas "Explorers" or "Invaders"? Please justify your answer.

Invaders. The indians were there first. and they brought all their diseases and killed them on their own land. 

11) How did the English distance the relationship between indentured whites and black slaves? Why did they fear a relationship between the two?

12) Please to list at least six colonies and why they were formed (and by what settlers).

Massachusetts, founded in 1620- Religious Freedom- Founded by John Winthrop

Rhode Island, founded in 1636- Religious Freedom- Roger Williams

Connecticut, founded in 1635- Profit from fur and trade- Founded by Thomas Hooker


New York, founded in 1624- Expand Trade- Founded by Dutch settlers                      


Delaware, founded in 1638- Expand Trade- Founded by Swedish settlers
  
New Jersey, founded in 1638- Profit from selling land- Founded by John Berkeley

Pennsylvania, founded in 1682-  religious freedom-   Founded by William Penn
 

13) Know the following people: John Rolfe, John Smith, John Winthrop, Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, William Bradford, John Wheelright, Jacques Marquette, Samuel de Champlain, Squanto, Samoset.

14) What is the difference between the Separatists and Puritians?

Puritans- Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican church
Separatists- Protestants who want to leave and set up their own churches. 

15) Why were women brought to Virginia in 1619?

They were brought to be sold as wives for the settlers. Their price was 120 pounds of tobacco

16) When did the 1st Africans come to the English colonies? Where? What was the purpose of importing them (be specific)?    

17) According to Zinn why were Africans easier to force into labor than Native Americans or poor white immigrants?

Because this was not their territory. If they were to get the native americans they know their way around the land. 


18) What were the first 13 colonies?

1607 Virginia (Jamestown

1620/1630 Massachusetts (Plymouth was founded in 1620. Massacusetts as a whole was founded in 1630)

1626 New York

1633 Maryland

1636 Rhode Island

1636 Conneticut

1638 Delaware

1638 New Hampshire

1653 North Carolina

1663 South Carolina

1664 New Jersey

1682 Pennsylvania

1732 Georgia

19) What was important about the Spanish Armada?

Had the Spanish Armada not attacked the English, England would not have defeated them. If they had not defeated the armada, England would not have aided in the discovery of America

20) List the first three colonies in North America, the current United States (note: two are Spanish).

1564 ~ Fort Caroline in Florida
1565 ~ Saint Augustine in Florida
1585 ~ Roanoke Colony in Virginia Colony

21) When was Quebec founded?

Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec in 1608

Brave New World Notes

Who really "discovered" America? 

Lief Eirksson reached North America and established a colony called vinland 1000AD.

He left because of trouble with skelings or Natives.

If he wasn't interested in the Bahamas, what was Columbus looking for in the first place?

Spain was fueled by an appetite for gold and fear Portugal lead in explorations.

Columbus kept a reward which did not belong to I'm for spotting land, Samana Cay.

Only gold that was found was in the earrings worn by the Natives

Never reached the main land of the present USA.

Was looking for a direct sea route to China and the indies.

The Indians really discovered America. Who were they and how did they get here?

At the time Columbus arrived there were already millions of Natives.

They came over the Bering sea, on an ice bridge.

Europeans killed 90% of Natives all in the progress, civilization, and Christianity.

If Columbus was so important why don't we live in the United States of Columbus?

It was named after Amerigo Vespucci- an Itallion sailor/explorer.

Where were the first European settlements in the New World?

Spanish roamed over most America before the English arrived.

The Spanish following Columbus began a centur of exploration, colonization, and subjugation.

If the Spanish were there first, what was so important about Jamestown?

1492-1588 explorations, Brought in a lot of gold, Which made them lazy. They Didn't try to develop, or try and get ahead of everyone else.

British defeated the Spanish and destroyed their government.

What was the Northwest Passage?

In 1576 Sir Humphrey first used the term NW passage to describe a  sea route around North America as he continued to search for a route to China.

What was the Lost Colony?

Roanoke founded by Sir Walter Raleigh.

Most died or fled into the surrounding tribes.

When and how did Jamestown get started?

Private enterpirse aka wealth and money.

Bad choice of location.

Gentlemen who were not accustomed to hard work.

Many Died.

Canabalism!

Did Pocahontas really save John Smith's life? 

John Smith wrote the account about her taking his head in her lap.

She was 11 at the time.

John was an adventurer, soldier, privateer.

He was instrumental in Saving the early Jamestown.

Good trader, forager ruled with an iron fist.

Pocahontas eventually got married to John Rolfe.

John Rolfe brought Tobacco, saving the colony economically.

What was the House of Burgesses? 

Despite tobacco profits, Jamestown was not doing good.

1619 new management was brought to Virginia Company (founders of Jamestown).

Land owning white males composed a council of law with a governor at it head

Loured by prospect of land 6000 came over in 1624

A census showed only 1277 to be alive, they starved, died in fighting Indians.

King Revoke charter in 1624 now a royal colony.

Who started the slave trade? 

Portugal ha 10 black slaves 50years before Columbus

Spain became a major trader

20 Africans brought over to Jamestown by Dutch slaver ship

Who were the pilgrims, and what did they want?

102 passenger, 50 or so were "Pilgrims"

Passengers on the mayflower.

Founded the second permanent English settlement in America.

1 year after Burgesses 1^st met the Pilgrims founded the second permanent Eng. settlement

Christopher Jones captain of Mayflower did not follow the correct path

            Followed a more Westernly route

Protestant Reformation in England meant turbulent religious times

            Some English were Catholic others were not

Puritans though Church of England was too close to Rome so they separated

These Puritans that went so far against the Church of England they were forced out of England or “underground”

            Backed financially by London Merchants & Virginia Co. they started for A.

Landed OUTSIDE the range of the Virginia Co.’s land

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Constructed because of threat of Mutiny by Pilgrim leaders

            People got rowdy cause they were outside of Virginia Co. land

Considered first constitution in American soil

Did Pilgrims really land at Plymouth Rock?

Brief exploration of  Cape Cod then continued on

Found a broad round harbor they recognized from John Smith’s maps

Dec 16 the Mayflower Passengers reached their new home

No mention of Plymouth Rock in any historical account

            At least 100 yrs later the rock was carved

Came at a bad time to plant

            By spring pnemonia, ill planning, & hard winter cost lives of 52 of them

In March Squanto came 1605. Spoke English, in 1622 died of fever

Wampanoags and Pilgrims became fast friends cause of Squanto

1629-1642 between 14,000 & 20,000 came to West Indies and New England

            Most were Puritans brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company

Who started New York?

Dutch founded New Netherland in the Hudson Valley

Hudson himself was in explorer in 1609 who staked claims

            Was looking for NW Passage

Dutch became true world power in maritime affairs

            Largest merchant fleet

Did the Indians really sell Manhattan for 24$?

first Dutch didn't bother to pay for it

1624- Peter minuit met w/ local chiefs

         Traded Manhattan for 2,400 cents 

from inception dutch new Amsterdam was less pious and more rowdy than puritan

How did New Amsterdam become New York?
 Dutch created the wall that became wallstreet
1664- english troops sailed into their harbor
the people were unhappy with the west indies co. they gladly gave it up
swedish colony became dutch easily
swedes brought the log cabins to america
english didn't mess much with New Amsterdam


When did the French reach the New World?

Temporary settlements in New Foundland

1600 – trading post on St. Laurence was founded

Samuel de Champlain key explorer

            1608 – founded Quebec

Mainly interested in trading

1629 English pirate capurtued Quebec

Iroquois powerful enemies of French allies

Good explorers

Why is Pennsylvania the Quaker State?
William Penn started the "holy experiment"
Pennsylvania was primalry founded to allow society of friends, quakers a place to worship and to permit religious tolerence for all. 
"Thou shall not kill" became a long tradition of quaker pacifism. 

What were the thirteen original colonies?
1607- Virginia (Jamestown) 
1620- Massachusetts (Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony)
1626- New York (Originally New Amsterdam;; annexed by the english)
1633- Maryland
1636- Rhode Island
1636- Connecticut
1638- Delaware (originally New Sweden; annexed by the Dutch and later the English)
1638- New Hampshire
1653- North Carolina
1663- South Carolina
1664- New Jersey
1682- Pennsylvania
1732- Georgia