World War 1 Question

1) What ideas or ideologies lead to World War I beginning? 

Serbian search for independence 
nationalism

2) Outline the specific events in 1914 that led to a World War.

The Serbians wanted to be recognized as an independent nation
Franz Ferdinand assassinated
Many people with alliances lashed out at the Serbians
Serbians lashed back


3) What advancements in technology help create massive causalities?

Improved cannons. Other artillery fired larger shells with greater distances. 
Also poison gas. It was first used by Germans. It could kill or seriously injure anyone who breathed it. 
German U-Boat


4) How did the forming of alliances increase the likelihood of war?

If one country came into war, and they had an alliance with another war, it would become a world war. Everyone one would start fighting because everyone was in an alliance. 


5) List the Allies ad the Central Powers during the war. Allies- Great Britain, France and Russia, Japan, Italy
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire.


6) Explain how world war in Europe brought an economic boom for the United States.

They were suppling the US troops and other Allies with food, war-related goods, weapons and such things. 


7) Briefly discuss the importance of the following battles: Marne, Verdun, Somme, Gallipoli, Argonne Forest.

Marne:
September 5-12, 1914
Marne River few miles east of Paris
Saved Paris from invasion by the Germans and boosted French morale
Made is clear that neither side was going to win the war easily or quickly


Verdun:
February-December 1916 (on and off)
Northeastern France
Trench warfare
Germans made small gains but lost after the French counterattacked
One of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war
More than 750,000 French & German soldiers died


Somme:
July 1916
Northern France
High number of casualties
Allies only gain 7 miles in the offensive


Gallipoli:
April 25, 1916 - January 9, 1916
French and British wanted to capture Istanbul and secure a sea route to Russia
They failed
Heavy Casualties on both sides - Allies = 220,000 Central = 251,000
First major battle undertaken by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (considered the birth of national consciousness of the these countries)
The Turkish struggle eventually led to the Turkish War of Independence and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey 8 years later under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk


Argonne Forest:
September-November 1918
West of Verdun
More than a million Americans join Allies
Raged for nearly seven weeks
Soldiers struggled through heavily forested ground, rain, mud, barbed wire, and withering fire from German machine guns
Many Casualties
Allies finally pushed back the Germans and broke through enemy lines
Allies invaded Germany


8) Who was the U.S. General in Command during the war?
General John J. Pershing


9) Write three questions of your own based on information that you found interesting in these sections.
What would've happened if no one had allies?
What would America be like now if we would've never joined the war?




Questions pg. 692 5-17 


5) Why did nations form alliances?
To keep peace by creating a balance of power. It prevented one country from dominating the others. 


6) Why did the Zimmerman telegram push the US toward war?
The German's tried to bribe the Mexican's into fighting for them. They told the Mexican's that if they fought for them they would get their land back that was taken by the American's in the Mexican-Americna War.

7) What was the Sussex Pledge?
Germany pledged to not target passenger ships, not attack merchant ships unless war supplies were onboard, and to not sink the chips until all passengers and crew had be saved. 


8) Who won the presidency in the election on 1916?
Woodrow Wilson


9) How did Russia's withdrawal affect WWI?
The Allies needed more troops 
In 1918 Vladimir Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany which surrendered Poland, the Ukraine and other territory to the Germans. 
Allowed Germans to moved thousands of troops from the Eastern Front to the Western Front in France


10) In what ways did the war help improve conditions for American workers?
The government needed them to produce the goods for the war, so more jobs were created. 


11) Who were the leaders at the Paris Peace Conference?Premier Georges Clemenceau of France
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy
President Woodrow Wilson of the US
Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain


12) What was Henry Cabot Lodge's greatest concern about the League of Nations?
That if the US joined to League of Nations that American troops and ships may be called to any part of the world by a nation other than the US. 


13) What advantages did airplanes provide in the war?
Spying

14) How did President Wilson use Russia's revolution in March of 1917 to gain support for the war?
Many American's thought that Russia's new government would help the Allies. Wilson could then claim that the Allies were fighting a war of democracy against autocracy.


15) What four nations dominated the Paris Peace Conference?
US
Great Britain
France 
Italy


16) Explain the causes of the labor shortage in the United States during the war.
It provided new job opportunities for women and minorities.
Thousands of Mexican's also migrated to the US 


17) Outline section 5